Keck Spectroscopy of Globular Clusters in the Virgo Cluster

We present the results of a Keck spectroscopic study of globular clusters associated with the Virgo Cluster dwarf elliptical VCC 1386. We analyze blue spectroscopic absorption lines from 3500-5500 Å for 13 globular cluster candidates and confirm that five are associated with VCC 1386. By comparing metal and Balmer line indices of these globular clusters with α-enhanced single stellar population models we find that these systems are metal poor with [Fe/H] < −1.35 and old, with ages > 5 Gyr at 3 σ confidence, placing their formation at z & 1. This is one of the first spectroscopic studies of globular clusters surrounding dwarfs in a cluster, revealing that some low mass galaxies in rich environments form at least part of their stellar mass early in the history of the universe. We further find that the luminosity weighted stellar population of VCC 1386 itself is younger, and more metal rich than its globular clusters, consistent with (V−I)0 colors from Hubble Space Telescope imaging. This implies that VCC 1386, like Local Group dEs, has had multiple episodes of star formation. Globular clusters associated with low luminosity systems however appear to be roughly as old as those associated with giant galaxies, contrary to the ‘downsizing’ formation of their bulk stellar populations.